Penetration Testing with OWASP Top 10 - 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

Unrestricted File Upload

CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Two restriction are implemented in our vulnerable file upload application:

• "Content-Type" Header Validation
• Blacklisting File Extensions

Snippets:

<?php
$allowedContentType = array("application/x-zip-compressed", "application/msword", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "application/pdf");

$blacklistExtension = array ("html", "htm", "js", "jsb", "mhtml", "mht", "xhtml", "xht", "php", "phtml", "php3", "php4", "php5", "phps", "shtml", "jhtml", "pl", "py", "cgi", "exe", "scr", "dll", "msi", "vbs", "bat", "com", "pif", "cmd", "vxd", "cpl", "ini", "conf", "cnf", "key", "iv");

$validFileType = in_array($fileType, $allowedContentType);
$hasInvalidFileExtension = in_array($fileExt, $blacklistExtension);

if($validFileType && !$hasInvalidFileExtension){
 $fileLocation = "file/".$fileName;
 $fileLink = '<a href="'.$fileLocation.'">file</a>';
 
 move_uploaded_file($fileTmp, $fileLocation);
 
 echo "Your $fileLink has been uploaded successfully!";
}else{
 if(!$validFileType){
  echo "Content Type of <b>$fileType</b> is not permitted!<br/>";
 }
 
 if($hasInvalidFileExtension){
  echo "File extension of <b>$fileExt</b> is not permitted!";
 }
}
?>

Bypass "Content-Type" Header Validation

Content-Type of text/html is not permitted

Content-Type: application/pdf

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="document"; filename="invoice.pdf"
Content-Type: application/pdf

Edit Content-Type of text/html to application/pdf

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="document"; filename="testupload.html"
Content-Type: application/pdf

We success to bypass Content-Type checking! However, the application notice that the extension is not compliance 

Bypass Blacklisting File Extensions

We try all the possible extension and we found .htaccess extension is permitted.

Only invalid content-type error message is shown

Upload .htaccess file with the following content:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .pdf

Edit Content-Type of application/octet-stream to application/pdf

.htaccess was uploaded successfully!

.htaccess was saved under file folder

Directory listing

Now, we try to upload a pdf extension file with PHP code content

File was uploaded

Web shell is working fine!

Web Server Hardening Guide

Apache
https://www.axcelsec.com/2017/12/web-server-hardening-apache.html